Navigating the Landscape of Carbon Management Jobs: Opportunities and Skills

The Growing Demand for Carbon Management Professionals

The global shift toward decarbonization has created unprecedented demand for carbon management professionals. According to Hong Kong's Environmental Protection Department, the city's carbon emissions reached approximately 34 million tonnes in 2022, highlighting the urgent need for specialized expertise in emission reduction. The implementation of Hong Kong's Climate Action Plan 2050 has accelerated this demand, with both public and private sectors seeking professionals who can develop and implement effective frameworks. The transition to carbon neutrality requires systematic approaches to measure, reduce, and offset emissions – creating numerous across various industries.

Hong Kong's financial sector has particularly recognized the importance of carbon management, with major banks and investment firms establishing dedicated sustainability teams. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority's recent guidelines on climate risk management have further driven employment growth in this sector. Local universities have responded by launching specialized programs, with the University of Hong Kong reporting a 300% increase in enrollment for environmental management courses since 2020. This trend reflects the broader global movement, where the International Energy Agency estimates that the transition to clean energy could create 14 million new jobs worldwide by 2030.

Overview of the Carbon Management Sector

The carbon management sector encompasses a diverse range of activities aimed at measuring, reducing, and mitigating carbon emissions. In Hong Kong, this sector has evolved significantly since the government announced its carbon neutrality target for 2050. The sector now includes specialized services in carbon accounting, sustainability consulting, renewable energy development, and carbon trading. Major Hong Kong-based companies like CLP Power and Swire Properties have established comprehensive carbon management departments, while international consulting firms have expanded their sustainability practices in the region.

The development of carbon management jobs in Hong Kong has been supported by several key initiatives. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange now requires all listed companies to disclose climate-related information following the TCFD framework. Additionally, the Hong Kong Quality Assurance Agency has launched a carbon audit certification program, creating new verification and consulting opportunities. The sector's growth is also driven by technological advancements, particularly in areas like carbon accounting software, IoT-based emission monitoring systems, and AI-powered optimization tools. These developments have transformed carbon management from a niche environmental function to a mainstream business necessity.

Carbon Accounting and Reporting: Measuring and reporting carbon emissions

Carbon accounting professionals play a critical role in helping organizations quantify and report their greenhouse gas emissions. In Hong Kong, the Environmental Protection Department has established the Hong Kong Carbon Audit Portal, providing standardized methodologies for emission calculations. Professionals in this field typically work with frameworks like the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, which categorizes emissions into Scope 1 (direct emissions), Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased energy), and Scope 3 (other indirect emissions). The complexity of Scope 3 emissions, which often account for the majority of an organization's carbon footprint, requires sophisticated data collection and analysis skills.

The table below shows common carbon accounting positions in Hong Kong:

Recent regulatory developments have significantly impacted this field. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange's enhanced ESG reporting requirements, effective since July 2023, mandate more detailed climate-related disclosures. This has created strong demand for professionals who can navigate both technical accounting standards and regulatory compliance requirements. Major accounting firms in Hong Kong, including the Big Four, have established dedicated sustainability assurance practices, further expanding career opportunities in this domain.

Sustainability Consulting: Advising organizations on sustainability strategies

Sustainability consultants help organizations develop and implement comprehensive environmental strategies, with carbon reduction as a central component. In Hong Kong's competitive business environment, consultants work with clients across various sectors to identify emission reduction opportunities, set science-based targets, and develop roadmaps for decarbonization. The unique challenges of Hong Kong's dense urban environment, including limited space for renewable energy installation and high-rise building energy consumption patterns, require specialized consulting approaches.

Key services provided by sustainability consultants in Hong Kong include:

• Development of carbon neutrality roadmaps aligned with Hong Kong's Climate Action Plan
• Energy efficiency assessments for commercial and residential buildings
• Sustainable supply chain management and green procurement strategies
• ESG reporting framework implementation and assurance readiness
• Stakeholder engagement and sustainability communications

The consulting landscape in Hong Kong includes global firms like McKinsey, BCG, and Deloitte, which have established dedicated sustainability practices, as well as specialized local consultancies focusing on Hong Kong's specific regulatory and business environment. The Hong Kong Green Building Council's BEAM Plus certification system has created additional demand for consultants who can guide building developers and owners through the certification process while optimizing carbon performance.

Renewable Energy Development: Developing and managing renewable energy projects

Renewable energy development professionals focus on creating and managing projects that generate clean energy, directly contributing to carbon reduction goals. In Hong Kong, this field has gained momentum following the government's target to increase the share of renewable energy in the fuel mix to 7.5-10% by 2035. While Hong Kong's geographical constraints present challenges for large-scale renewable projects, professionals in this field have developed innovative solutions tailored to the urban environment.

Current renewable energy initiatives in Hong Kong include:

• Offshore wind farms in southeastern waters, with CLP Power's pilot project demonstrating technical feasibility
• Solar energy systems installed on government premises and public facilities
• Building-integrated photovoltaics and innovative facade systems
• Waste-to-energy projects at the T-Park and S-Park facilities
• Regional cooperation on renewable energy imports from Guangdong Province

Professionals in renewable energy development require multidisciplinary skills encompassing technical knowledge, project finance expertise, regulatory understanding, and stakeholder management capabilities. The Hong Kong government's Feed-in Tariff scheme, which provides guaranteed pricing for renewable energy, has created new business models and employment opportunities. Additionally, the development of the Greater Bay Area presents cross-border collaboration possibilities, requiring professionals who can navigate both Hong Kong and mainland China's regulatory frameworks.

Carbon Trading and Finance: Managing carbon credits and investments

Carbon trading and finance professionals work at the intersection of environmental management and financial markets, developing and managing carbon credit mechanisms and sustainable investment products. Hong Kong's position as an international financial center provides unique advantages for developing carbon markets. The Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) has announced plans to develop Hong Kong into a carbon trading hub, potentially creating numerous carbon management jobs in trading, risk management, product development, and verification.

Key developments in Hong Kong's carbon market include:

• HKEX's partnership with Guangzhou Futures Exchange to develop carbon market initiatives
• Growing demand for carbon credit projects in the Greater Bay Area
• Increasing integration of carbon risk assessment into investment decisions
• Development of innovative financial products like sustainability-linked bonds
• Expansion of voluntary carbon market activities among corporations

Professionals in this field typically require strong quantitative skills, understanding of carbon market mechanisms, and knowledge of financial regulations. The emergence of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement has created new opportunities for international carbon credit transactions, positioning Hong Kong as a potential gateway for carbon market activities between China and global markets. Major financial institutions in Hong Kong, including HSBC and Standard Chartered, have established dedicated sustainable finance teams, further driving employment growth in this sector.

Policy and Advocacy: Working on climate change policy and advocacy

Policy and advocacy professionals work to shape climate regulations, influence public opinion, and drive systemic change toward decarbonization. In Hong Kong, these professionals operate in government agencies, non-governmental organizations, industry associations, and corporate government affairs departments. The development and implementation of Hong Kong's Climate Action Plan involves complex policy considerations, balancing environmental objectives with economic competitiveness and social equity.

Key policy initiatives currently shaping carbon management jobs in Hong Kong include:

• The Hong Kong Climate Action Plan 2050, outlining decarbonization strategies across sectors
• The Clean Air Plan, targeting reduction of air pollutants alongside carbon emissions
• The Waste Blueprint, promoting circular economy principles
• Building energy efficiency codes and standards
• Transportation electrification roadmap and infrastructure development

Policy professionals require deep understanding of both technical environmental issues and the political and regulatory processes. They often collaborate with technical experts to ensure policies are evidence-based and practically implementable. The is particularly evident in this field, as professionals must effectively communicate complex policy proposals to diverse stakeholders, including government officials, business leaders, community representatives, and the general public.

Research and Development: Conducting research on carbon management technologies

Research and development professionals drive innovation in carbon management technologies, developing new solutions for emission reduction, carbon capture, and sustainable materials. Hong Kong's universities and research institutions have established strong capabilities in environmental research, with several focusing specifically on urban sustainability challenges. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology's Energy Institute, for example, conducts cutting-edge research on energy storage, smart grids, and building efficiency technologies.

Prominent R&D focus areas in Hong Kong include:

• Carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies suitable for high-density cities
• Advanced building materials with lower embodied carbon
• Artificial intelligence applications for energy optimization
• Green hydrogen production and utilization systems
• Circular economy models for construction and demolition waste

R&D professionals typically work in academic institutions, government research agencies like the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, and corporate research centers. Collaboration between Hong Kong and mainland Chinese research institutions has increased through various Greater Bay Area initiatives, creating additional opportunities for cross-border research projects. The Hong Kong government's Innovation and Technology Fund provides funding support for carbon management research, particularly for projects with commercial application potential.

Technical Skills: Knowledge of carbon accounting, energy efficiency, and renewable energy technologies

Technical skills form the foundation of carbon management expertise, enabling professionals to accurately measure emissions, identify reduction opportunities, and implement effective solutions. Carbon accounting knowledge is particularly crucial, as it provides the basis for target-setting, reporting, and verification. Professionals must be proficient with established methodologies like the GHG Protocol and familiar with sector-specific calculation tools. In Hong Kong, understanding local regulatory requirements, such as those outlined in the Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance, is equally important.

Energy efficiency expertise encompasses building systems optimization, industrial process improvement, and transportation efficiency. Professionals should understand energy auditing methodologies, energy management systems (ISO 50001), and performance measurement approaches. Renewable energy knowledge includes understanding various generation technologies, grid integration challenges, and project development processes. Given Hong Kong's urban context, professionals should be particularly familiar with building-integrated renewables, district cooling systems, and waste-to-energy technologies.

The rapid evolution of carbon management technologies requires continuous learning. Professionals should stay updated on emerging solutions like:

• Digital twins for building energy optimization
• Blockchain applications for carbon credit tracking
• Advanced materials for carbon capture
• AI-powered emission forecasting tools
• IoT-based energy monitoring systems

Analytical Skills: Ability to analyze data and assess carbon footprints

Analytical skills enable carbon management professionals to transform raw data into actionable insights, supporting evidence-based decision-making. The complexity of carbon footprint assessment requires sophisticated data collection, processing, and interpretation capabilities. Professionals must be able to work with diverse data sources, including energy consumption records, material flow data, transportation logs, and supply chain information. Statistical analysis skills are essential for identifying trends, establishing baselines, and projecting future emissions.

In Hong Kong's business environment, analytical skills extend beyond technical calculations to include economic analysis of carbon reduction measures. Professionals frequently conduct cost-benefit analyses, return-on-investment calculations, and risk assessments to support investment decisions. Life cycle assessment capabilities are increasingly important, particularly for organizations aiming to address Scope 3 emissions and implement circular economy principles.

The growing availability of environmental data presents both opportunities and challenges. Professionals must be proficient with data management tools and platforms, including:

• Carbon accounting software like Enablon and Sphera
• Data visualization tools such as Tableau and Power BI
• Geographic information systems for spatial analysis
• Programming languages like Python and R for custom analysis
• ERP systems with sustainability modules

Communication Skills: Effectively communicating carbon management strategies to stakeholders

The importance of communication skills in career development cannot be overstated in carbon management, where professionals must convey complex technical information to diverse audiences with varying levels of expertise. Effective communication ensures that carbon management strategies are understood, supported, and successfully implemented across organizations. In Hong Kong's multicultural business environment, professionals must navigate language differences while addressing the concerns of various stakeholders, including executives, operational staff, investors, regulators, and community representatives.

Key communication challenges in carbon management include:

• Translating technical emission data into business-relevant metrics
• Articulating the business case for carbon reduction investments
• Engaging employees in sustainability initiatives
• Responding to investor inquiries about climate risks and opportunities
• Communicating progress against targets in a transparent and credible manner

The importance of communication skills in career development extends to external reporting and stakeholder engagement. Professionals must be able to prepare compelling sustainability reports, make persuasive presentations to management and boards, and represent their organizations in industry forums and public events. In Hong Kong's regulatory context, communication skills are particularly important for navigating the HKEX's ESG reporting requirements and responding to stakeholder expectations regarding climate disclosures.

Project Management Skills: Managing carbon reduction projects

Project management skills enable carbon management professionals to successfully deliver emission reduction initiatives on time, within budget, and according to specifications. Carbon reduction projects often involve multiple stakeholders, complex technical requirements, and significant financial investments. Professionals must be able to define project scope, develop realistic timelines, allocate resources effectively, manage risks, and monitor progress against objectives.

Common carbon reduction projects in Hong Kong include:

• Building retrofits for energy efficiency improvement
• Renewable energy installation on limited available spaces
• Fleet electrification and charging infrastructure development
• Process optimization in manufacturing and service operations
• Supply chain engagement and supplier capability building

Project managers in carbon management should be familiar with established methodologies like PMP or PRINCE2, while also understanding the specific challenges of sustainability projects. These often include navigating regulatory requirements, managing stakeholder expectations, and demonstrating return on investment. In Hong Kong's fast-paced business environment, professionals must also be adept at agile project management approaches, allowing for flexibility and adaptation as projects evolve.

Policy and Regulatory Knowledge: Understanding relevant policies and regulations

Policy and regulatory knowledge enables carbon management professionals to navigate the complex landscape of climate-related requirements and incentives. In Hong Kong, professionals must understand both local regulations and international frameworks that influence business operations. Key local policies include the Climate Action Plan 2050, the Waste Disposal Ordinance, the Air Pollution Control Ordinance, and various building energy efficiency standards. Understanding how these policies interact and evolve is crucial for developing compliant and effective carbon management strategy frameworks.

International frameworks also significantly impact carbon management jobs in Hong Kong, particularly for multinational corporations and financial institutions. These include:

• The Paris Agreement and nationally determined contributions
• Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations
• International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) standards
• Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) criteria
• Various carbon market mechanisms under development

Professionals must stay current with policy developments at multiple levels – local, national, and international. This requires monitoring government announcements, participating in industry consultations, and engaging with professional associations. The ability to interpret how emerging policies will affect business operations and identify compliance requirements ahead of implementation deadlines is particularly valuable in this rapidly evolving field.

Relevant Degrees: Environmental science, engineering, economics, and business

Educational backgrounds for carbon management professionals are diverse, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of the field. Environmental science degrees provide foundational knowledge in ecological systems, pollution control, and sustainability principles. Engineering disciplines – particularly chemical, civil, environmental, and energy engineering – offer technical expertise relevant to emission reduction technologies and systems. Economics and business degrees contribute understanding of market mechanisms, financial analysis, and organizational management.

Hong Kong's universities have developed specialized programs to meet the growing demand for carbon management expertise:

• The University of Hong Kong offers MSc in Environmental Management
• Hong Kong University of Science and Technology provides BEng in Environmental Engineering
• Chinese University of Hong Kong features MSc in Environmental Science and Management
• City University of Hong Kong delivers BBA in Environmental, Social and Governance Management
• Hong Kong Polytechnic University offers MSc in Sustainable Urban Development

Beyond formal degrees, professionals often complement their education with specialized courses in carbon accounting, life cycle assessment, renewable energy technologies, and sustainability reporting. The interdisciplinary nature of carbon management means that professionals from various educational backgrounds can enter the field, provided they develop the specific technical knowledge required for their roles.

Certifications: LEED, Certified Energy Manager (CEM), etc.

Professional certifications demonstrate specialized knowledge and enhance credibility in the carbon management field. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credential, administered by the U.S. Green Building Council, is widely recognized in Hong Kong's building sector. Professionals with LEED accreditation can guide building projects through the certification process while optimizing energy performance and carbon emissions.

Other relevant certifications include:

• Certified Energy Manager (CEM) from the Association of Energy Engineers
• Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quantifier from the GHG Management Institute
• ISO 14064 Lead Verifier for greenhouse gas validation and verification
• Certified Carbon Reduction Manager (CCRM) offered by local institutions
• Sustainability and Climate Risk (SCR) certificate from the Global Association of Risk Professionals

In Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals (HKIQEP) provides local certification programs aligned with international standards but tailored to Hong Kong's specific context. The Hong Kong Green Building Council also offers BEAM Pro accreditation for professionals working with the BEAM Plus building assessment system. These certifications not only validate technical competence but also signal commitment to professional development in a rapidly evolving field.

Internships and Entry-Level Positions: Gaining practical experience

Practical experience is essential for developing the skills needed for carbon management jobs. Internships provide opportunities to apply academic knowledge in real-world settings, understand organizational dynamics, and build professional networks. In Hong Kong, internships are available in various settings, including corporate sustainability departments, consulting firms, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and research institutions.

Common entry-level positions in carbon management include:

• Sustainability Analyst: Supporting data collection, analysis, and reporting
• Energy Auditor: Conducting energy assessments and identifying efficiency opportunities
• Carbon Project Coordinator: Assisting with emission reduction project implementation
• ESG Reporting Specialist: Helping prepare sustainability disclosures
• Research Assistant: Supporting technical or policy research projects

Entry-level professionals should seek opportunities that expose them to multiple aspects of carbon management, enabling them to identify their areas of interest and strength. The importance of communication skills in career development becomes evident early on, as even junior positions require collaboration with colleagues from different departments and effective presentation of findings. Many organizations in Hong Kong offer structured graduate development programs that rotate participants through various sustainability functions, providing broad exposure to different aspects of carbon management.

Online Job Boards: LinkedIn, Indeed, etc.

Online job boards are primary channels for finding carbon management jobs in Hong Kong. LinkedIn has become particularly important, with its professional networking features complementing traditional job posting capabilities. Job seekers can use advanced search filters to identify positions matching their skills and experience levels, while recruiters can proactively search for candidates with specific carbon management expertise.

Effective strategies for using online job boards include:

• Setting up automated job alerts using relevant keywords
• Optimizing profiles with carbon management terminology
• Engaging with industry content to increase visibility
• Researching companies before applying to tailor applications
• Using both general and specialized sustainability job boards

In addition to global platforms like LinkedIn and Indeed, Hong Kong-specific job boards such as JobsDB and CTgoodjobs feature carbon management positions. Specialized sustainability job boards like Sustainability Jobs Hong Kong and Clean Energy Jobs Asia focus specifically on environmental roles. Social media platforms, particularly professional groups on Facebook and WeChat, also share job opportunities in Hong Kong's sustainability sector.

Networking: Attending industry events and connecting with professionals

Networking remains a powerful strategy for discovering carbon management jobs and advancing careers. Industry events provide opportunities to meet professionals, learn about organizational needs, and stay current with sector developments. In Hong Kong, relevant events include the Hong Kong International Carbon Neutrality Conference, Sustainable Finance Forum, various green building seminars, and industry association meetings.

Key networking strategies for carbon management professionals:

• Participating actively in question-and-answer sessions at events
• Following up with meaningful connections after meetings
• Offering value through knowledge sharing or assistance
• Maintaining relationships through periodic check-ins
• Leveraging alumni networks from educational institutions

Professional associations play a crucial role in facilitating networking. In Hong Kong, relevant organizations include the Hong Kong Green Building Council, Business Environment Council, Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals, and various chambers of commerce with sustainability committees. These organizations host regular events, working groups, and training sessions that bring together carbon management professionals across sectors. The importance of communication skills in career development is particularly evident in networking contexts, where professionals must quickly establish rapport and articulate their value proposition.

Professional Organizations: Joining organizations like the Carbon Management Association

Professional organizations provide structured platforms for career development, knowledge exchange, and industry influence. While Hong Kong doesn't have a specific Carbon Management Association, several organizations serve similar functions for environmental and sustainability professionals. These organizations offer certification programs, continuing education, networking events, and advocacy representation.

Key professional organizations for carbon management in Hong Kong:

• Hong Kong Green Building Council: Focuses on sustainable building design and operation
• Business Environment Council: Promotes environmental management in business
• Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals: Sets professional standards
• Hong Kong Productivity Council: Supports green productivity and eco-efficiency
• Chambers of Commerce with sustainability committees

Membership in professional organizations demonstrates commitment to the field and provides access to valuable resources. Many organizations offer student memberships at reduced rates, facilitating early career engagement. Active participation – through committee work, event organization, or contribution to publications – can significantly enhance professional visibility and create leadership opportunities. These organizations also often have partnerships with international bodies, providing access to global knowledge and networks.

Emerging Trends: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and carbon removal

Emerging technologies and approaches are creating new carbon management jobs and transforming existing roles. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are gaining attention as essential tools for achieving deep decarbonization, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. While large-scale CCUS implementation faces challenges in Hong Kong's urban environment, research and pilot projects are exploring feasible applications, such as carbon capture from waste-to-energy facilities or centralized power plants.

Carbon removal approaches, including both technological solutions like direct air capture and nature-based solutions like afforestation, represent another growing area. Hong Kong's country parks and marine ecosystems offer potential for nature-based carbon sequestration, requiring professionals who can quantify, monitor, and verify carbon storage in natural systems.

Other emerging trends influencing carbon management jobs include:

• Circular economy implementation across various sectors
• Industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial park development
• Digital product passports enabling material traceability
• Climate risk assessment and adaptation planning
• Just transition considerations in decarbonization strategies

These emerging areas require professionals to continuously update their knowledge and skills. The ability to assess new technologies, understand their applicability in Hong Kong's context, and integrate them into comprehensive carbon management strategy frameworks is becoming increasingly valuable.

The Impact of Technology: Automation, AI, and big data

Technological advancements are transforming carbon management practices and creating new career opportunities. Automation streamlines data collection and processing, reducing the manual effort required for carbon accounting while improving accuracy. Artificial intelligence enables more sophisticated analysis, pattern recognition, and prediction capabilities. Big data technologies facilitate the integration of diverse data sources, providing more comprehensive understanding of carbon footprints and reduction opportunities.

Specific technology applications in carbon management include:

• IoT sensors for real-time energy and emission monitoring
• Machine learning algorithms for identifying optimization opportunities
• Blockchain for transparent carbon credit tracking
• Digital twins for simulating and optimizing system performance
• Remote sensing for monitoring land use changes and carbon stocks

These technological developments are changing the skill requirements for carbon management jobs. While technical environmental knowledge remains essential, professionals increasingly need digital literacy, data analysis capabilities, and understanding of technology implementation. The convergence of environmental and digital expertise is creating hybrid roles that didn't exist a decade ago. Hong Kong's strong technology sector and digital infrastructure provide advantages for adopting these advanced carbon management approaches.

Summarize the opportunities in the carbon management job market

The carbon management job market offers diverse and growing opportunities across multiple sectors in Hong Kong. The transition to carbon neutrality, driven by regulatory requirements, investor expectations, and societal pressure, has created strong demand for professionals who can help organizations measure, reduce, and manage their carbon emissions. Opportunities exist in corporate sustainability functions, consulting practices, financial institutions, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and research institutions.

The field offers competitive compensation, with salaries reflecting the specialized knowledge and skills required. According to recruitment surveys, sustainability professionals in Hong Kong typically earn 10-20% more than professionals in general management roles with similar experience levels. Career progression opportunities are abundant, with clear pathways from technical specialist roles to management and leadership positions. The multidisciplinary nature of carbon management means that professionals can develop diverse skill sets and transition between sectors throughout their careers.

Encourage readers to pursue careers in carbon management

Carbon management represents not just a career choice but a contribution to addressing one of humanity's most pressing challenges. Professionals in this field have the opportunity to make meaningful impacts while building rewarding careers with strong growth prospects. The variety of roles available means that individuals with different backgrounds, interests, and strengths can find positions that match their capabilities and aspirations.

For those considering careers in carbon management, the path begins with building foundational knowledge through formal education, certifications, and practical experience. Developing both technical expertise and soft skills – particularly the importance of communication skills in career development – creates a strong foundation for career advancement. Engaging with professional communities through networking and association membership provides support, guidance, and opportunities.

As Hong Kong and the world accelerate their transition to carbon neutrality, the demand for carbon management professionals will continue to grow. This creates a favorable job market with opportunities for meaningful work, competitive compensation, and career development. By pursuing carbon management jobs, individuals can build fulfilling careers while contributing to a more sustainable future for Hong Kong and beyond.